Knee microfracture surgery Knee microfracture surgery is a common procedure used to repair damaged knee cartilage. Cartilage helps cushion and cover the area where bones meet in the joints. Description Three types of anesthesia may be used for knee arthroscopy surgery: Medicine to relax you, and shots of painkillers to numb the…
Fluid Volume Excess Description Fluid intake or fluid retention exceeds the fluid needs of the body. Fluid volume excess is also called overhydration or fluid overload. The goal of treatment is to restore fluid balance, correct electrolyte imbalances if present, and eliminate or control the underlying cause of the overload. Learn about a condition that…
Heart sounds The first heart sound (S1) is heard as the atrioventricular valves close and is heard loudest at the apex of the heart. The second heart sound (S2) is heard when the semilunar valves close and is heard loudest at the base of the heart. Hear normal and abnormal heartbeats. A third heart sound…
Venipuncture: Description Puncture into a vein to obtain a blood specimen for testing; the antecubital veins are the veins of choice because of ease of access. Close up shot of a nurse inserting a needle into the patients arm and taking blood for further testing. Blood: The liquid pumped by the heart through the arteries,…
Intravenous Devices IV cannulas Steel needles or butterfly sets The set is a wing-tip needle with a metal cannula, plastic or rubber wings, and a plastic catheter or hub. The needle is 0.5 to 1.5 inches in length, with needle gauge sizes from 16 to 26. Infiltration is more common with these devices. The butterfly…
