The trigeminal nerve is the largest and most complex of the 12 cranial nerves (CNs). It supplies sensations to the face, mucous membranes, and other structures of the head. It is the motor nerve for the muscles of mastication and contains proprioceptive fibers. It exits the brain by a large sensory root and a smaller motor root coming out of the pons at its junction with the middle cerebral peduncle. It passes laterally to join the gasserian (semilunar) ganglion in the Meckel cave. (See the image below.)
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NBDE Quiz # 74
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1. Question
Which of the following structures is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve?
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The correct answer is B. The lingual nerve, which supplies sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, is a branch of the mandi¬bular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3). Other structures that arise from this nerve in¬clude the inferior alveolar nerve, which sup¬plies sensation to the mandibular teeth; the long buccal branch, which supplies sensation to the buccal mucosa; and the mental nerve, which supplies sensation to the skin of the chin and lower lip and the mucosa of the lip and adjacent gingiva. In addition, the auriculotem¬poral nerve divides from the posterior border of V3 immediately after exiting the foramen ovale, passes around the middle meningeal artery as two units, and then courses between the ex¬ternal auditory canal and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This nerve supplies sensory inner¬vation to the anterior auricle, a large portion of the temporal region, and part of the external auditory canal and gives off a branch to supply the TMJ.
The infraorbital nerve, nasopalatine nerve, posterosuperior alveolar nerve, and posterosu- perior nasal nerve are branches ofthe maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2).
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The correct answer is B. The lingual nerve, which supplies sensation to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, is a branch of the mandi¬bular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3). Other structures that arise from this nerve in¬clude the inferior alveolar nerve, which sup¬plies sensation to the mandibular teeth; the long buccal branch, which supplies sensation to the buccal mucosa; and the mental nerve, which supplies sensation to the skin of the chin and lower lip and the mucosa of the lip and adjacent gingiva. In addition, the auriculotem¬poral nerve divides from the posterior border of V3 immediately after exiting the foramen ovale, passes around the middle meningeal artery as two units, and then courses between the ex¬ternal auditory canal and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This nerve supplies sensory inner¬vation to the anterior auricle, a large portion of the temporal region, and part of the external auditory canal and gives off a branch to supply the TMJ.
The infraorbital nerve, nasopalatine nerve, posterosuperior alveolar nerve, and posterosu- perior nasal nerve are branches ofthe maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2).
